中国古地图遗产与文化价值   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁启章  齐清文  姜莉莉  张岸  梁迅 《地理学报》2016,71(10):1833-1848

中国古地图学创于公元三世纪《西晋·裴秀传》提出的“制图之体有六焉”,被西方誉为中国地图学之父的裴秀（西晋司空）,领衔制作了《禹贡地域图》十八篇和《地形方丈图》（公元224-271年）。其后的1600年间,先后完成了一批著名的中国古地图,例如南朝大臣谢庄领衔完成的”木方丈图”（公元502-557年）、隋炀帝命学者崔绩（550-618年）撰《区宇图志》（公元581-600年）、唐朝宰相贾耽领衔绘制《海内华夷图》（公元730-805年）、北宋科学家沈括领衔绘制《守令图》（公元1031-1095年）、南宋礼部尚书黄裳绘制《苏州石刻天文图》原图（公元1190年）、元代玄教宗师朱思本制作《舆地图》（公元1273-1333年）、明代航海家郑和领衔完成《郑和航海图》与地理学家罗洪先领衔制作《广舆图》（公元1504-1564年）、明代天文学家徐光启等完成的《恒星屏障图》、清代高邮知州魏源受林则徐委托编撰《海国图志》（公元1842-1852年）等,继承与发展了独特的中国古代地图学,即使西方经纬度制图技术于公元1584-1600年前后传至中国,启动了中西地图融合发展,中西两种制图理论和方法并行地使用了400余年。闻名中外的中国古地图,包括古天文图、世界图、中国图、航海图、区域图、水利图、军事图、风景名胜图、历史图、教育图等,迄今仍被国内外著名藏图机构分散地保存着,构成了世界古地图文化遗产中的重要组成部分,具有十分珍贵的文化价值,值得进一步深入探讨、挖掘和利用。本文最后初步地探讨了中国古地图的稀有价值、应用价值、历史价值、科学价值和艺术价值。  相似文献   

Detrital-zircon geochronology of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Hangay–Hentey basin, north-central Mongolia: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean in central Asia     

Thomas K. Kelty  An Yin  Batulzii Dash  George E. Gehrels  Angela E. Ribeiro 《Tectonophysics》2008,451(1-4):290-311

Understanding the development of the Central Asian Orogenic System (CAOS), which is the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogen in the world, is critical to the determination of continental growth mechanisms and geological history of central Asia. A key to unraveling its geological history is to ascertain the origin and tectonic setting of the large flysch complexes that dominate the CAOS. These complexes have been variably interpreted as deep-marine deposits that were accreted onto a long-evolving arc against large continents to form a mega-accretionary complex or sediments trapped in back-arc to fore-arc basins within oceanic island-arc systems far from continents. To differentiate the above models we conducted U–Pb geochronological analyses of detrital-zircon grains from turbidites in the composite Hangay–Hentey basin of central Mongolia. This basin was divided by a Cenozoic fault system into the western and eastern sub-basins: the Hangay Basin in the west and Hentey basin in the east. This study focuses on the Hentey basin and indicates two groups of samples within this basin: (1) a southern group that were deposited after the earliest Carboniferous ( 339 Ma to 354 Ma) and a northern group that were deposited after the Cambrian to Neoproterozoic ( 504 Ma to 605 Ma). The samples from the northern part of the basin consistently contain Paleoproterozoic and Archean zircon grains that may have been derived from the Tuva–Mongol massif and/or the Siberian craton. In contrast, samples from the southern part of the basin contain only a minor component of early Paleozoic to Neoproterozoic zircon grains, which were derived from the crystalline basement bounding the Hangay–Hentey basin. Integrating all the age results from this study, we suggest that the Hangay–Hentey basin was developed between an island-arc system with a Neoproterozoic basement in the south and an Andean continental-margin arc in the north. The initiation of the southern arc occurred at or after the early Carboniferous, allowing accumulation of a flysch complex in a long-evolving accretionary complex.  相似文献   

青藏高原现代湖泊沉积物碳酸盐矿物氧同位素组成特征及影响因素   总被引：14，自引：8，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

王宁  刘卫国  徐黎明  安芷生 《第四纪研究》2008,28(4):591-600

选择青藏高原14个代表性现代湖泊的表层沉积物为研究对象,它们是冷湖、大苏干湖、小苏干湖、大柴旦湖、小柴旦湖、托素湖、尕海、茶卡湖、唐古拉-1、错鄂、乃日平错、纳木错、空姆错和普莫雍错,探讨这些湖泊碳酸盐矿物组成及相应氧稳定同位素组成的影响因素。XRD结果显示这些湖泊的碳酸盐矿物多以方解石为主,并含白云石。其中冷湖以白云石为主,尕海还含有一定量的文石。碳酸盐氧同位素分析结果显示总碳酸盐δ¹⁸O在-15.9‰到2.6‰范围变化,方解石δ¹⁸O变化范围为-16.2‰～3.9‰,白云石δ¹⁸O变化在-15.3‰～-5.4‰范围内。通过氧同位素与湖区环境因素的相关性分析,认为总碳酸盐δ¹⁸O受湖水δ¹⁸O组成、温度、降水量/蒸发量、盐度、海拔和纬度多种因素影响;方解石δ¹⁸O主要受湖水δ¹⁸O、温度、盐度、海拔和纬度的影响;白云石δ¹⁸O受降水量/蒸发量和盐度的影响。总碳酸盐δ¹⁸O对湖水δ¹⁸O、温度、海拔和纬度的响应是以方解石为载体而体现的;总碳酸盐δ¹⁸O对降水量/蒸发量的响应则归因于白云石δ¹⁸O对其的响应结果;另外总碳酸盐δ¹⁸O通过方解石和白云石δ¹⁸O的叠加作用响应于盐度。该研究初步建立了总碳酸盐、方解石和白云石氧同位素与环境各个指标之间的响应关系,对于揭示过去青藏高原地区环境变化有重要意义。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variation of stable isotopes of river waters, water source identification and water security in the Heishui Valley (China) during the dry-season     

Yuhong Liu  Shuqing An  Zhen Xu  Ningjiang Fan  Jun Cui  Zhongsheng Wang  Shirong Liu  Jiayong Pan  Guanghui Lin 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(2):311-319

Spatial variations of δD and δ¹⁸O among seven tributaries and their water sources were investigated in the Heishui Valley of the Yangtze River, China during the dry-season in 2004. A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variation) test showed that both δD (p?18O (p?=?0.045) spatially varied among the seven tributaries. The plot of δ¹⁸O versus δD for the river water collected at different locations showed that isotopic fractionation occurred during the snow and glacial melting process. The depleted δ¹⁸O and δD in the tributary waters distributed above the local meteoric water line (LMWL) suggested that the glacial and early snowpack meltwater largely recharged these streams during the early spring. The meltwater was isotopically distinguishable from the precipitation and river water, which had been evaporated during warmer and drier times. If glaciers and snow accumulation diminish with future climate warming, the recharge of these tributaries’ baseflow will decline and the security of the water resource in this watershed will be threatened.  相似文献   

GPS动态定位精度与定位观测时间关系分析     

安雷  胡丛玮 《现代测绘》2008,31(2):3-5

GPS动态定位已经广泛应用于导航和测量等各个领域。为了系统研究定位精度与定位时间的关系,本文根据一个模拟动态定位实例,研究GPS动态定位得到的单历元定位结果的精度,然后采用不同时间间隔移动平均,分析定位结果的精度与定位时间的关系。结果表明通过一定观测时间的平均,可以提高动态定位结果的精度和可靠性,但精度的提高与观测时间的长度并非为线性关系。本例数据中采用2—5 min平均获得的定位误差即可比单历元定位误差减小1倍左右。  相似文献   

Spatial variations of Pb,As, and Cu in surface snow along the transect from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A,East Antarctica     

Xing Xing Jiang  Shu Gui Hou  Yuan Sheng Li  Hong Xi Pang  Rong Hua  Mayewski Paul  Sneed Sharon  Chun Lei An  HANDley Michael  Ke Liu  Wang Bin Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(3):219-231

The spatial distributions of lead, arsenic, and copper(Pb, As, and Cu, respectively) in surface snow along the transect from the Zhongshan Station to Dome A, East Antarctica, are presented. The mean concentrations of Pb, As, and Cu are1.04±1.56 pg/g, 0.39±0.08 pg/g, and 11.2±14.4 pg/g, respectively. It is estimated that anthropogenic contributions are dominant for Pb, As, and Cu. Spatially, Pb concentrations show an exponentially decreasing trend from the coast inland, while a moderate decreasing trend is observed for Cu concentrations in the coastal area(below 2,000 m above sea level(a.s.l.)).In the intermediate area(2,000–3,000 m a.s.l.), the concentrations and enrichment factors of all these elements show high variability due to the complicated characteristics of climate and environment. On the inland plateau(above 3,000 m a.s.l.),the high concentrations of As and Pb are induced by high deposition efficiency, the existence of polar stratospheric precipitation, and the different fraction deposition to East Antarctica. The extremely high concentrations with maximum values of9.59 pg/g and 69.9 pg/g for Pb and Cu, respectively, are suggested to result mainly from local human activities at the station. Our results suggest that source, transport pathway, and deposition pattern, rather than distance from the coast or altitude, lead to the spatial distributions of Pb, As, and Cu; and it is further confirmed by spatial variations of the three metals deposited over the whole continent of Antarctica.  相似文献   

Observed spatiotemporal variation of three-dimensional structure and heat/salt transport of anticyclonic mesoscale eddy in Northwest Pacific     

Dai  Jun  Wang  Huizan  Zhang  Weimin  An  Yuzhu  Zhang  Ren 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,38(6):1654-1675

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - As in-situ observations are sparse, targeted observations of a specific mesoscale eddy are rare. Therefore, it is difficult to study the three-dimensional...  相似文献   

江西省区域性平流雾气象要素特征分析及预报思路   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

许爱华  陈翔翔  肖安  许彬 《气象》2016,42(3):372-381

利用江西省2000—2012年常规地面观测资料及探空资料,采用合成和统计方法,分析了54次区域性平流雾的天气形势及气象要素,得到了平流雾逆温层、温湿条件、低层风场及影响系统等统计特征。结果表明:(1)江西省区域性平流雾主要发生于2—3月,北部多于南部。(2)其形势特征为:江南地区低层有较明显的暖湿平流。850 hPa上的切变线或辐合区位于长江流域到江淮一带,925和850 hPa西南风速分别达3~8和7~15 m·s~(-1)。地面形势多为弱低压倒槽和锋面前部的低压,其次为高压底部。(3)850 hPa以下低层有相对湿度≥80%的湿层,500 hPa中层多数有相对湿度≤50%的干层。地面气温和露点多在10~16℃,且达到近饱和。(4)平流雾的逆温结构以单层逆温为主,多数比辐射雾逆温层高、厚度大。逆温强度主要在1~3℃。最后给出了江西平流雾(我国南方)的预报着眼点或预报思路。  相似文献   

前后缀与特征词相结合的地名地址提取   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王克永  刘纪平  罗安  王勇 《测绘通报》2016,(2):64-68

随着地理信息与计算机技术的发展,网络中的非结构化地名地址数据越来越多,逐步成为地理信息更新的重要途径之一。针对互联网中地名地址的存在方式及结构特点,本文提出了一种前后缀与特征词相结合的地名地址识别提取方法。首先利用HMM训练进行分词,接着通过地名地址前后缀词库进行候选地名切分与预提取,最后根据特征词进行匹配过滤,实现对地名地址的准确提取。试验结果证明,本文方法提高了地名地址识别的准确率和召回率,很大程度上解决了未登录地址提取问题。  相似文献   

Bioactive compounds of sea cucumbers and their therapeutic effects   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

时淑娟  冯文静  胡松  梁世秀  安妮娜  毛拥军 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(3):549-558

Sea cucumbers belong to the Class Holothuroidea of marine invertebrates. They are commercially valuable and prized as a food and folk medicine in Asia. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities/properties, including anticancer, anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertension and radioprotective, have been ascribed to various compounds isolated from sea cucumbers. The therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives, especially triterpene glycosides, acid mucopolysaccharide, sphingoid bases, glycolipids, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, polysaccharides, phospholipids, cerebrosides, phosphatidylcholines, and other extracts and hydrolysates. This review highlights the valuable bioactive components as well as the multiple therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers with a view to exploring their potential uses as functional foods and a natural source of new multifunctional drugs.  相似文献